This is an
important question and, of course, there is always fundamental
scientific curiosity. While this is not to be minimized in graduate
chemistry research, especially when we are developing new synthetic
methods, one might also ask "what are nitrides good for?" To begin our
answer, we note that there are many important uses of binary nitrides.
These include GaN (the basis of the blue LEDs of the blu-ray
player in your Playstation 3, high speed and power electronics), AlN
(high thermal conductivity substrates), Si
3N
4
(CVD coating on electronics etc.), TiN and TaN (metallic conductors and
diffusion barriers in electronics, colored surfaces in jewelery, artistic
displays, etc.) NbN (thin film superconducting devices) etc. If we look at oxide chemistry it
becomes apparent that ternary and quaternary oxides offer a greater, more
tunable, qualitatively different and more useful set of properties than
the binaries alone. So we believe that it is reasonable to expect that
ternary and quaternary nitrides will eventually provide the same, because
so many useful binary nitrides are known and because we have already found
structurally interesting compounds, indeed some with unusual properties.
However, the study of such ternary and quaternary nitrides is still in
its infancy, especially when compared to the family of oxides, or even
to sulphides, phosphides, carbides etc. We have so much more to learn
and that is one reason why we think that nitrides are scientifically exciting
as well as being potentially technologically very interesting and useful.
Above is a novel example of the coating properties when using TiN. These are bundles of Ti wire that have reacted
with nitrogen and oxygen at around 700
C. A golden coating of
TiN covers the leftmost bundle. When the other two reacted with nitrogen
there was also some oxygen present. In such cases, Ti reacts with both the
oxygen and nitrogen to create many different colored coatings, in this case
red and blue products were formed. All these coatings are stable in air
at room temperature.